Four optical requirements decide the lens for medical components, plus the cleanroom and record constraints that eliminate otherwise suitable options.
Transparent parts fail on contrast, not resolution. Two-surface ghosting, depth of field, and which illumination makes an edge visible at all.
One motor drives magnification, two drive magnification and focus. What the second axis buys in changeover time, and why it still is not autofocus.
Zoom, focus motor and closed-loop autofocus are three different things. Which one fixes which problem, and where image-based autofocus fails outright.
Three architectures for multi-magnification inspection and how each one fails. Six design steps with real DOF, NA and FOV data from 0.58X to 7.5X.
Engineering observation is not production inspection. What a 14X zoom lens delivers on a die, why 2.80 um is the limit, and what 2000X does not mean.
Size a manual zoom lens from the part: wide view sets maximum magnification, smallest feature sets minimum. Five part classes with worked FOV and sampling numbers.
A repair bench needs working distance and depth of field, not magnification. Where a stereo microscope still wins, where a C-mount zoom lens does, and the FOV arithmetic.
A 600 x 600 mm AOI panel takes 1,156 fields at a 20 mm field and 196 at 50 mm. The stitch-count arithmetic behind panel-level takt time.
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